Assignment 16 Inspiration

I want my poster to be:

• creative
• not boring
• flow well
• bright colors
• and informative

 

The flow of this posters words and graphics intrigued me.

I like how the chart appears to be 3 dimensional

This poster was just really creative 

I liked how this info graphic flows from one piece of information to the next and how it start sand ends with the idea of children 

"Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD"

What is an abacus?
The first "computer" because it could perform simple math calculations


In 1936,  Zuse invented this type of computer?
Freely Programmable Computer


Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.

In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
Gunnery and Ballistic Calculations


Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom? 
The Census Bureau


What does UNIVAC stand for?
Universal Automatic Computer


In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
International Buisiness Machines


What is FORTRAN?
The 1st successful high level programming language; IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System


Post a photo of the first mouse.

In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
Making them a more user friendly tool


What is the significance of ARPnet?
The first internet 


In 1971, Intel introduced this? 1st single chip microprocessor, The Intel 4004

Post a photo of it.

In the same year, IBM introduced this? 
Post a photo of one.
1st Memory disk (floppy disk)

In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
the 1st Ethernet computer network


During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. 

Altair

Apple I

Apple II

 TRS-80

Commodore PET

In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?
MS-DOS computer operating system with the IBM PC


Post a photo of the Lisa computer.


In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
Apple


What is GUI?
Graphical User Interface


Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.

In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?
Apple Macintosh 


The commercial only ran one time. When?
January 22, 1984


In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
Windows operating system


Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?




When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?




Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"? 




Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.




Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?

"Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD"

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
Being engraved and pressed onto the page. 


What is a camera obscura?
An optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen


Post an example of a camera obscura.

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
For a safe observation of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon


From where did the photographic camera develop?
Portable box


Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel; Greek words for light and writing


Post an example of the first photograph.  

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce


Post an example of a Daguerreotype image. 

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Louis Daguerre; disadvantages- was expensive & couldn't be duplicated: advantages- process made good images


Post an example of a Calotype image. 

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
William Fox Talbot; quality was inferior to Daguerreotpe process, allowed for duplication,


Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image. 

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederick Scott Archer; cheaper, lessened exposure time, sharper image


Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image. 

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Madox; good quality 


Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? 
Remembered for making photography open for all, Kodak


Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888. 

In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
He opened a company that sold cameras


What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
Patenting polarized light filters, Polaroid


Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.

How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds


What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
His work using multiple cameras to capture motion


Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.

What is the Zoopraxiscope?

A device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion

Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.

How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
He used a series of large camers placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as a horse passed by


In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
Individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel


Post a photo of a motion picture projector.

What is a motion picture projector?
It magnified film onto a screen (a movie)

"The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD"

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
Christopher Sholes

What is a "stenographer"?
A person who transcribes spoken or recorded speech into writting

Post an example of Shole's typewriter.

Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
He was among the most important audience for his machine

After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
He saw that the other invention still had problems and he wanted to build a machine that would bridge the gap between the typewriter and the printed page.

Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler

What is meant by "typesetting"?
Setting up the letters for printing

Post an example of Linotype Machine.

How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
It allowed type to be set mechaniclly instead of manually

How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
Made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis

Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.

How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
There were 90 characters, no shift key, and the arrangement was based on the letter frequency

Post an example of a Linotype slug.

What is a slug?
The assembled line of type that is then turned into a single piece


Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.

Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?

It made typing easier and it spread worldwide 

"The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD"

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
inventing the technology of printing with movable type

Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.

How did the printing press work? 
form was pressed against a sheet of paper

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
the time he spent with his father and his love of reading

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
they were easier to replacePost an example of movable type in a type case.

What is moveable type?
the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document

What is a matrix?
hard metal that is hammered into a bar

What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
oil based

What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
a substrate made from wood pulp; China

What is a "substrate"?

The substance on which an enzyme acts

Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? 
Peter Schoffer; He got sued by Fust and lost everything

What was the first book he printed?The Bible

Post an example of this book.

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
perfected script and made it easier to read, books made more rapidly, info could be shared everywhere, cost of books decreased, more people wanted them, world became more literate, greater variety and different language

Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Coxton

What was the early form of newspapers?
trade newsletters

When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
1704, The Boston Letter

What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
one made completely from cast ironPost an example of a 1930s printing press.

By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
letters on pages

Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Relief Printing; movable type placed into press, ink spread onto type, paper placed on top, press applies direct pressurePost an example of an intaglio press.

What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?printmaking, image is etched and filled with in and then applied to the page with pressure

Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
Stenciling

Post an example of a lithography printing press.

What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
Planographic; printing from a flat surface

Post an example of an offset lithography printing press.

What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
Offset

How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
They are more hightech

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black

"The Roman Alphabet | 7th century BC"

What was the basis of the Roman uppercase alphabet?
Greek Alphabet
What were the purposes of the formal and informal styles of lettering?
Formal-Important manuscripts, official documents
Informal-letters, quick writing

Why is the Roman alphabet the most widely used and what contributions did it make?
Easy to use; serifs, baseline, type aligned in rows,

From where did serifs originate?
Stone masons added it to keep their chisel from slipping, in Italy

When and where did lowercase, or minuscule, letters develop?
Rome, with the baseline

What is a ligature and why were they utilized?a printed or written character consisting of two or more letters or characters joined together
Post an example of the Roman alphabet in visual form. 

"The Greek Alphabet | 800 BC"

How did Greeks come in contact with the Phoenicians?
The Phoenicians traveled there and established trade agreements

How was the Greek adaptation of the alphabet different from its predecessor?
They adapted several consonants were adapted as vowels

Why is the Greek alphabet considered to be the world's first true alphabet?
Because it was the base for a lot of other alphabets and it had vowels and consonants

Name several similarities and differences between the Greek and modern English alphabets?They have a lot of similar sound and shaped letters, they have letters missing and the letter name doesn't always represent the sound
Post an example of the Greek alphabet in visual form. 

"The Phoenician Alphabet | 1050 BC"

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?
That one sign represent one spoken sound

Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them?
Angular and straight; a stylus

What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
It was written left to right and that made is easier to read, the trading culture spread it

What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?
it was the first wide spread script, simple enough to be used in multiple languages, allowed common people to learn how to write
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.

"Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians | 3,000 BC"

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt? Persians, Greeks, and Romans





Post an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.

What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
Carved and painted images on every wall and surface

Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
Cuneiform

What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
Logographic-Visual symbols representing ideas or objects
Alphabetic-Represents more sounds and letters; hiero & glyphic


What is a scribe? 
Anyone that could read and write, that documented the past

Who else was trained to read and write? Why?Military leaders, so they could communicated during battle
Priests in temples, so they could write out instrustiond for rituals 


Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
A substrate made from reeds native to Egypt; wet reeds are placed Criss-cross over each other, flattened and dried, than rubbed with flat stones until the surface is smooth

What is a substrate?The substance on which an enzyme acts

What were the Books of the Dead?they were scrolls for pharaohs that had instructions for the afterlife

How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
People stopped passing on how to read or write themPost an example of the Rosetta Stone

What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
A slab with the same inscription written in 3 languages; Rosetta, Egypt

What three languages are included on the stone?Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Demotic, Greek

Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
A chunk of the stone was gone and none of the texts were complete

Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
Jean Francois Champollion; He was able to match some hieroglyphics to the Greek version of the name Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses

Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?
We know a lot more about the ancient Egyptians and their hieroglyphics

Inspiration Assignment 15

I like how in this one the incorporate colors form the small image into the design around the text.

I want to try and make my text look faded like in this picture

I like the whimsical swirls around the text.

I like how the entire page is filled in this image.

I want to incorporate the intricate details like in this page.

I like how the P is placed and also that other letters have a detail to them.