"Podcast #4 Typography"

Define typography?

The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces

Where did the word "typography" originate?

Greek words: typo-form, graphy- writing

What does typography involve?

The selection of appropriate fonts, sizes, line spacing, and spacing of letters

What is a typeface?

Distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image or design

What is another term for typeface?

Fonts

What is a character?

Individual symbols that make up a typeface

What is type style?

Modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface

What does type style "create" within a design?

Variety

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?

Imaginary line drawn at the middle of the character

What is a base line and what does it indicate?

Imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the character

What is an ascender?

The part of the character that extends above the waist line

What is a descender?

The part of the character that extends below the base line

Describe a serif?

The smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top and bottom of a character

How can the size of the typeface be identified?

Bold, italic, condensed, roman, heavy

What is a point?

The unit of point sizes

How many points are in an inch?

72

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?

Unit of measure that is typical for designing newspaper; 6

How many points are in a pica?

12

What is body type and where can it be found?

A spot where a large amount of text is found and is usually between 4 and 12pt type size

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body

type?

The audience

What is display type and how is it used?

Type size above 12pt, used to draw attention to a message; headlines

What is reverse type and when would it be used?

White font on a dark background

What is a typeface classification?

Ways of organizing fonts

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?

Mid 1400’s; then- printing press; now- official documents:

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?

Highly ornamental with elaborate thick and thin strokes, resembles calligraphy

When was Old Style invented and what was is based on?

15^th 16^th centuries; ancient roman inscriptions

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?

Wedge-shaped, angled serifs, low contrast on their thick/thin strokes

When were formal scripts developed?

17^th and 18^th centuries

When were casual scripts developed?

20^th century

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?

Resembles handwriting, shouldn’t be used in body text

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?

Late 18^th and 19^th centuries; a racial break from traditional typography

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?

Similar to old style but have a thin, flat serif

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?

5^th century, it wasn’t utilized because the Italian renassance retuned to old style,,

When did they become popular?

1920’s

What does "sans serif" mean?

“without serif”

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?

Stroke is uniform in weight,

When was Slab Serif developed and why?

19^th century, for advertising

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?

Uniform line weight and thicker, square serifs

Describe Decorative typefaces?

Has the most distinctive design style and were developed with a specific purpose, or theme, in mind

Why were they developed?

To serve a specific purpose that a font could not yet fulfill

What are they best used for?

Large point sizes, or display type.

"Review Week 14"

Academy of Art University:

Location:

San Francisco, California

Offered Majors:

Masters of Fine Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Associate in Arts, Certificate, Continuing Art Education

Admissions:

· No-Barrier admissions policy

· AA, BFA, BA and portfolio development programs – high school diploma or equivalent. No diploma required.

· MFA and MA programs – Bachelors degree, submission of portfolio and statement of intent.

Digital Media Arts College:

Location:

Boca Raton, Florida

Majors Offered:

Bachelor of Fine Arts

Admission:

· High School Diploma

· Drawing Portfolio

· Essay

· Entrance Testing

Fullsail University:

Location:

Winter Park, Florida

Majors Offered:

Associate’s Degree, Bachelor’s Degree

Admission:

You must have a standard High School diploma or GED from a recognized and accredited school to begin a degree program at Full Sail. Two letters of recommendation are also suggested, but not required. Your admissions representative will provide you with the form for the letter, or it may be downloaded once you have enrolled.

(University of North Texas) College of Visual Arts and Design:

Location:

Denton, Texas

Major Offered:

BFA, MA, MFA, Undergrad

Admission:

• Freshman applicants must have a verbal SAT score of 450 or higher, or a verbal ACT score of 18 or higher.

• Transfer Freshmen (with less than 30 hours) must have a verbal SAT of 450 or better and a GPA of 2.5.

Transfer applicants with more than 30 hours must have a cumulative GPA of 2.25 or higher.

Harrington College of Design:

Location:

Chicago, Illinois

Major Offered:

BA, MA, MFA

Admission:

· Application for admission

· Attestation of graduation from high school or equivalent

· Request for official U.S. high school transcript, GED or equivalent

· Personal Statement of Intent

· SAT/ACT or Placement Scores

· Payment of non-refundable application fee

· Aptitude for creativity

· Commitment to achieving professional and personal goals

What is a portfolio?

It is an accumulation of all the work that someone had done over a period of time.

What is the importance of a portfolio?

It shows people the type of things you are good at and it helps colleges and jobs see the things you will bring.

"Review Week 13"

Contrast: This image represents contrast because it hast red and green, which are contrasting colors, and it also has white with contrasts with the flowers.

Balance: This image is a good example of balance because the two figures are opposites but they are being equally represented on the page.

Emphasis: This is an example of emphasis because the entire image is in grayscale except for the wine because they are trying to draw the views attention there.

Proportion/Scale: This is an example of proportion/scale because the people in the image look normal aside from their sizes.

Repetition: This image represents repetition because the spheres are being repeated.

Rhythm: This is an example of rhythm because the image gives the viewer the feeling of movement.

Unity: This is an example of unity because the lines and the composition causes the viewers eye to travel around the whole page.

Variety: This image has a large range of color and objects that still work together.

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?

* Click on the layer you want to add the mask to

* Go down to the bottom right corner of your layers palette

* Click on the 3rd from the left button (box with the white circle in it)

What two colors are used to create the mask?

Black and white

Describe the process of using a layer mask?

We use a layer mask when we want to hide but not delete a certain part of a picture. When we want to hide a part of a picture we make sure that our color is black and that we are on the layer mask and we simply paint on the image and watch it disappear. If we want to show something that we have hidden then we just make sure that our color is white and we paint back on the picture.

"Stephen Kroninger"

What kind of art/design does he produce?
Photo-collages, Editorial illustrations.

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
Time Magazine, Museum of Modern Art, Time Newsweek, The New Yorker, New York Times.

Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...
Was this piece published? Where?

Yes, The New York Times.
What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?

Proportion, the face; Emphasis, the eyes.
What elements of design were utilized?

Line, shape, space

Was this piece published? Where?

Yes, Entertainment Tonight.

What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?

Proportion,the face; Emphasis, the face.

What elements of design were utilized?

Line,shape,space.

"Review Week 12''

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
We can use them to better organize the elements in our design and display our message more affectively.

What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?

Repetition- repeating something throughout the whole document.

Proportion/scale- The relative size and scale of the various elements in the design

Balance- The distribution of heavy and light elements on a page.

Emphasis- The stressing of a particular area of focus.

Unity- The wholeness of composition.

Variety- Differences and Diversity.

Rhythm- Continuity, recurrence, or organized movement in space and time.

Contrast- Occurs when two related elements are different.

"Podcast #3 Principles of Design"

Define principles of design?
Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition

What do the principles of design affect?
The expressive content or the message of the work

What is the principle of repetition?
Repeating something throughout the entire document, it acts as a visual key that ties your piece together. It controls the readers eye and helps keep their attention.

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
Patterns Make the composition seem active

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
Bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color,design element, particular format, spatial relationship, or anything that a reader will visually recognize.

What should you avoid when working with repetition?
To much repeating b/cuz it becomes annoying and overwhelming.

What is the principle of proportion/scale?
The relative size and scale of the various elements in the design

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
The human body

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
You can scale it bigger than normal of smeller that normal depending on what your message is.

What is the principle of balance?
The distribution of heavy and light elements on a page.

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Irregular

What is another name for symmetrical balance?
Formal balance

Define symmetrical balance?
When the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a central vertical or horizontal axis.

What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
Informal balance

Define asymmetrical balance?
When the weight of the composition isn't evenly distributed around the axis.

What is the principle of emphasis?
The stressing of a particular area of focus.

What happens to a design that has no focus?
Nothing stands out

What is a focal point and how is it created?
Area where the eye tends to go first, create one element dominant and the rest subordinate.

How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
1

What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
Contrasting the primary element with its subordinates.

What is the principle of unity?
The wholeness of composition.

What three ways can unity be obtained?
1.Put objects close to one another.

2.Make things similar.

3.Direct vision by a line that goes around the design.

What is the principle of variety?
Differences and Diversity

What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
By varying textures, color, and shape and alter their contrast, tone, and intensity.

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
B/cuz too much unity can be boring and too much variety can look chaotic.

What is figure?
A form, silhouette, or shape

What is another name for figure?
Positive space

What is ground?
The surrounding area around a figure.

What is another name for ground?
Negative space

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?
The abstract relationship between visual elements. How the abstract affects the composition.

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
Because figure/ground relationship is really important.

What is the principle of rhythm?
Continuity, recurrence, or organized movement in space and time.

How is rhythm achieved?
The orderly repetition of any element, line, shape, value, texture.

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1.Interval between the elements are similar in size or length.

2.A more organic, flowing, sense of movement.

3.The sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
Can help deliver the message by controlling the viewers eye, and add life and interaction to a page layout.

What is the principle of contrast?
Occurs when two related elements are different.

How can contrast help a design?
Can draw the viewers eye into the piece and help guide the viewer thorough it.

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
Too much- can be confusing, Too little- Becomes boring and monotonous

What is the key to working with contrast?
To make sure the differences are obvious.

What are some common ways of creating contrast?

By creating differences in: size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction, movement.